Lefatšeng la marang-rang, li-switches le li-routers li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore ho na le khokahanyo e se nang moeli le tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea data. Leha ho le joalo, mesebetsi ea bona le tšebeliso ea tsona hangata ha li utloisisoe. Sehlooho sena se ikemiselitse ho hlakisa phapang pakeng tsa li-switches tsa marang-rang le li-routers le ho thusa basebelisi ba malapeng le ba khoebo ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo mabapi le mekhoa ea bona ea marang-rang.
Hlalosa li-switches tsa marang-rang le li-routers
Netweke switch:
Sesebelisoa sa marang-rang ke sesebelisoa se hokahanyang lisebelisoa tse ngata ka har'a marang-rang a sebaka sa lehae (LAN).
E thusa ho arolelana lisebelisoa ka ho lumella lisebelisoa ho buisana.
Li-Switch li sebetsa lera la khokahanyo ea data (Leaya 2) la mofuta oa OSI, li sebelisa liaterese tsa MAC ho fetisetsa lintlha sebakeng se nepahetseng.
router:
Li-routers li hokahanya marang-rang a mangata le lipakete tse tobileng pakeng tsa tsona.
E ts'ehetsa puisano lipakeng tsa marang-rang a fapaneng, joalo ka ho hokahanya marang-rang a lehae kapa a ofisi ho Marang-rang.
Li-routers li sebetsa lealong la marang-rang (Leaele la 3) la mohlala oa OSI 'me li sebelisa liaterese tsa IP ho tsamaisa data ho ea libakeng tseo u eang ho tsona.
Phapang ea Sehloho lipakeng tsa switch le router
1. Mosebetsi le karolo
Switch: E sebelisoa haholo ho hokahanya lisebelisoa ka har'a marang-rang a le mong. Ba netefatsa phetiso e nepahetseng ea data le puisano lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tse hokahantsoeng joalo ka likhomphutha, bahatisi le li-server.
Router: e sebelisetsoang ho hokahanya marang-rang a fapaneng. Ba laola sephethephethe sa data lipakeng tsa marang-rang le data e tobileng ho tloha marang-rang a mang ho ea ho a mang, joalo ka marang-rang a lehae ho ea Marang-rang.
2. Phetiso ea data
Switch: E sebelisa aterese ea MAC ho fumana moo lipakete li eang teng ka har'a marang-rang a lehae. Sena se lumella lisebelisoa ho buisana ka kotloloho ntle le tlhoko ea ho tsamaisa marang-rang.
Router: E sebelisa liaterese tsa IP ho fumana tsela e nepahetseng ea hore data e tsamaee lipakeng tsa marang-rang. Ba tsamaisa data ho latela liaterese tsa marang-rang, ho netefatsa hore data e fihla moo e eang teng, ebang ke ka har'a marang-rang kapa Marang-rang.
3. Karohano ea marang-rang
Fetoha: Li-VLAN tse ngata (Virtual Local Area Networks) li ka etsoa ho arola sephethephethe sa marang-rang ka har'a marang-rang a le mong. Sena se thusa ho ntlafatsa ts'ireletso le taolo.
Router: E ka hokela li-VLAN tse fapaneng le sephethephethe sa litsela lipakeng tsa tsona. Li bohlokoa bakeng sa puisano ea lipakeng tsa VLAN le ho hokahanya likarolo tse fapaneng tsa marang-rang.
4. Tšireletseho le taolo ea sephethephethe
Fetoha: E fana ka likarolo tsa ts'ireletso tsa mantlha joalo ka sefa aterese ea MAC le karohano ea VLAN. Leha ho le joalo, ha ba fane ka mehato e tsoetseng pele ea tšireletso.
Router: E fana ka likarolo tse tsoetseng pele tsa ts'ireletso ho kenyelletsa firewall, tšehetso ea VPN, le NAT (Network Address Translation). Likarolo tsena li sireletsa marang-rang litšokelong tsa kantle le ho laola sephethephethe ka mokhoa o atlehileng haholoanyane.
5. Linyeoe tse tloaelehileng tsa tšebeliso
Liphetoho: E ntle bakeng sa ho holisa marang-rang sebakeng se le seng. Hangata e sebelisoa liofising, malapeng le litsing tsa data ho hokahanya lisebelisoa le ho netefatsa puisano e bonolo.
Router: E bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hokahanya marang-rang a mangata le ho fana ka phihlello ea inthanete. E sebelisoa hangata malapeng, khoebong le marang-rang a bafani ba litšebeletso ho laola sephethephethe sa data le ho netefatsa likhokahano tse sireletsehileng.
Mehlala ea tšebeliso ea li-switches le li-routers
Marang-rang a lapeng:
Switch: E hokela lisebelisoa tse fapaneng joalo ka likhomphutha, li-TV tse bohlale, le li-consoles tsa papali ka har'a marang-rang a lapeng. Etsa bonnete ba hore lisebelisoa tsohle li khona ho buisana le ho arolelana lisebelisoa joalo ka liprinta le lisebelisoa tsa polokelo.
Router: E hokela marang-rang a lapeng ho Marang-rang. E laola sephethephethe sa data lipakeng tsa netweke ea lapeng le Mofani oa Litšebeletso tsa Marang-rang (ISP), e fana ka likarolo tse joalo ka khokahanyo ea Wi-Fi, DHCP, le ts'ireletso ka li-firewall.
Small Business Network:
Switch: e hokela lisebelisoa tsa ofisi joalo ka li-PC, liprinta, lifono tsa IP, li-server, joalo-joalo Ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang ka ho laola sephethephethe sa data ka har'a ofisi.
Router: E hokahanya marang-rang a ofisi ho Marang-rang le marang-rang a mang a hole. E fana ka likarolo tsa ts'ireletso joalo ka VPN bakeng sa phihlello e sireletsehileng ea hole le ts'ireletso ea firewall khahlano le litšokelo tsa marang-rang.
Marang-rang a khoebo:
Li-switches: E sebelisoa ka bongata bo boholo ho hokahanya lisebelisoa tse makholo kapa tse likete mafapheng a fapaneng kapa mekatong e fapaneng. E ts'ehetsa likarolo tse tsoetseng pele joalo ka li-VLAN bakeng sa karohano ea marang-rang le QoS (Boleng ba Ts'ebeletso) bakeng sa ho beha sephethephethe sa bohlokoa pele.
Li-routers: Hokela libaka tse fapaneng tsa liofisi le litsi tsa data ho netefatsa likhokahano tse tšepahalang, tse sireletsehileng ho pholletsa le mokhatlo. Laola liprothokholo tse rarahaneng tsa litsela 'me u fane ka likarolo tsa ts'ireletso tse tsoetseng pele ho sireletsa lintlha tsa bohlokoa.
ha re phethela
Ho utloisisa likarolo le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea li-switches tsa marang-rang le li-routers ho bohlokoa ho aha marang-rang a sebetsang hantle, a sireletsehileng. Li-switches li bohlokoa bakeng sa puisano ea marang-rang ea ka hare, ha li-routers li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hokahanya marang-rang a fapaneng le ho laola phallo ea data pakeng tsa bona. Ka ho sebelisa matla a lisebelisoa tsena ka bobeli, basebelisi ba ka etsa litharollo tse matla tsa marang-rang ho fihlela litlhoko tsa bona tsa khokahano. Ho Todahike, re fana ka mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea li-switches le li-routers tse sebetsang hantle ho u thusa ho aha lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang tse phethahetseng bakeng sa lehae la hau kapa khoebo ea hau.
Nako ea poso: Jul-10-2024
