Sebakeng se potlakileng sa marang-rang sa sejoale-joale, tsoelo-pele ea Local Area Networks (LANs) e behile tsela bakeng sa litharollo tse ncha tsa ho kopana le mathata a ntseng a eketseha a litlhoko tsa mokhatlo. Tharollo e 'ngoe e joalo e hlahelletseng ke Virtual Local Area Network, kapa VLAN. Sengoliloeng sena se shebisisa lintho tse rarahaneng tsa li-VLAN, sepheo sa tsona, melemo, mehlala ea ts'ebetsong, mekhoa e metle, le karolo ea bohlokoa eo ba e bapalang ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tse lulang li fetoha tsa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang.
I. Ho Utloisisa Li-VLAN le Sepheo sa Tsona
Li-Network Local Area Networks, kapa li-VLAN, li hlalosa bocha mohopolo oa setso oa li-LAN ka ho hlahisa lera le fumanehang le lumellang mekhatlo ho lekanya marang-rang a bona ka boholo bo eketsehileng, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, le ho rarahana. Li-VLAN ha e le hantle ke pokello ea lisebelisoa kapa li-node tsa marang-rang tse buisanang joalokaha eka ke karolo ea LAN e le 'ngoe, athe ha e le hantle, li teng karolong e le' ngoe kapa tse 'maloa tsa LAN. Likarolo tsena li arohane le tse ling tsa LAN ka marokho, li-routers, kapa li-switches, tse lumellang hore ho be le mehato e eketsehileng ea tšireletso le ho fokotsa latency ea marang-rang.
Tlhaloso ea tekheniki ea likarolo tsa VLAN e kenyelletsa ho ikarola ho LAN e pharaletseng. Karohano ena e sebetsana le litaba tse tloaelehileng tse fumanehang ho li-LAN tsa setso, joalo ka mathata a khaso le likhohlano. Li-VLAN li sebetsa joalo ka "libaka tsa likhohlano," li fokotsa sekhahla sa likhohlano le ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang. Ts'ebetso ena e ntlafalitsoeng ea li-VLAN e fetela ho ts'ireletso ea data le karohano e hlakileng, moo li-VLAN li ka hlophisoang ho ipapisitsoe le mafapha, lihlopha tsa merero, kapa molao-motheo ofe kapa ofe o hlakileng oa mokhatlo.
II. Ke Hobane'ng ha U Sebelisa VLAN
Mekhatlo e rua molemo haholo melemong ea tšebeliso ea VLAN. Li-VLAN li fana ka katleho ea litšenyehelo, kaha li-workstations ka har'a VLAN li buisana ka li-switches tsa VLAN, li fokotsa ho itšetleha ka li-routers, haholo-holo bakeng sa puisano ea ka hare ho VLAN. Sena se matlafatsa li-VLAN ho laola ka nepo meroalo e ntseng e eketseha ea data, ho fokotsa latency ea marang-rang ka kakaretso.
Ho eketseha ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a marang-rang ke lebaka le leng le tlamang la ho sebelisa VLAN. Li ka hlophisoa le ho abeloa ho latela litekanyetso tsa boema-kepe, protocol, kapa subnet, ho lumella mekhatlo ho fetola li-VLAN le ho fetola meralo ea marang-rang ha ho hlokahala. Ho feta moo, li-VLAN li fokotsa boiteko ba tsamaiso ka ho fokotsa phihlello ho lihlopha tse boletsoeng tsa basebelisi, ho etsa hore tlhophiso ea marang-rang le mehato ea ts'ireletso e atlehe haholoanyane.
III. Mehlala ea Ts'ebetsong ea VLAN
Maemong a sebele a lefats'e, likhoebo tse nang le libaka tse ngata tsa liofisi le lihlopha tse kholo li fumana melemo e mengata ho kopanngoa ha li-VLAN. Bonolo bo amanang le ho hlophisa li-VLAN bo khothaletsa ts'ebetso e se nang moeli ea merero e fapaneng le ho khothaletsa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa mafapha a fapaneng. Mohlala, lihlopha tse sebetsanang le mebaraka, thekiso, IT, le tlhahlobo ea khoebo li ka sebelisana hantle ha li abeloa VLAN e le 'ngoe, le haeba libaka tsa bona tsa 'mele li na le mekato e fapaneng kapa meaho e fapaneng. Leha ho na le litharollo tse matla tse fanoang ke li-VLAN, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko mathata a ka bang teng, joalo ka ho se lumellane ha VLAN, ho netefatsa ts'ebetsong e sebetsang ea marang-rang ana maemong a fapaneng a mokhatlo.
IV. Mekhoa e Molemo ka ho Fetisisa le Tlhokomelo
Tlhophiso e nepahetseng ea VLAN e bohlokoa ho sebelisa bokhoni ba bona bo felletseng. Ho sebelisa melemo ea likarolo tsa VLAN ho tiisa marang-rang a potlakileng le a sireletsehileng haholoanyane, ho sebetsana le tlhokahalo ea ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tse tsoelang pele tsa marang-rang. Bafani ba Litšebeletso ba Laolehileng (MSPs) ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsamaiseng VLAN, ho hlokomela kabo ea lisebelisoa, le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea marang-rang.
| 10 Mekhoa e Molemo ka ho Fetisisa | Tlhaloso |
| Sebelisa li-VLAN ho arola sephethephethe | Ka ho sa feleng, lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang li buisana ka bolokolohi, li beha kotsi ea ts'ireletso. Li-VLAN li sebetsana le sena ka ho arola sephethephethe, ho thibela puisano ho lisebelisoa ka har'a VLAN e tšoanang. |
| Etsa VLAN e arohaneng ea Tsamaiso | Ho theha tsamaiso e inehetseng ea VLAN e ntlafatsa ts'ireletso ea marang-rang. Ho itšehla thajana ho netefatsa hore litaba tse ka har'a VLAN ea tsamaiso ha li ame marang-rang a pharaletseng. |
| Fana ka liaterese tsa IP tse tsitsitseng bakeng sa Tsamaiso ea VLAN | Liaterese tsa IP tse tsitsitseng li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsebahatseng lisebelisoa le taolong ea marang-rang. Ho qoba DHCP bakeng sa tsamaiso VLAN etsa bonnete ba aterese e tsitsitseng, ho nolofatsa tsamaiso ea marangrang. Tšebeliso ea li-subnet tse ikhethileng bakeng sa VLAN e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ntlafatsa ho itšehla thajana, ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho fihlella ntle le tumello. |
| Sebelisa Sebaka sa Aterese sa IP ea poraefete bakeng sa Tsamaiso ea VLAN | Ho matlafatsa ts'ireletso, tsamaiso ea VLAN e rua molemo ho tloha sebakeng se ikemetseng sa aterese ea IP, ho thibela bahlaseli. Ho sebelisa li-VLAN tse arohaneng tsa tsamaiso bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa ho netefatsa mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng le o hlophisitsoeng oa tsamaiso ea marang-rang. |
| U se ke ua Sebelisa DHCP ho Management VLAN | Ho tlosa DHCP ho VLAN ea tsamaiso ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ireletso. Ho itšetleha feela ka liaterese tsa IP tse tsitsitseng ho thibela phihlello e sa lumelloeng, ho etsa hore ho be thata ho bahlaseli ho kenella marang-rang. |
| Sireletsa likou tse sa sebelisoeng 'me u tima Litšebeletso tse sa hlokahaleng | Likou tse sa sebelisoeng li hlahisa kotsi e ka bang teng ea ts'ireletso, e memelang phihlello e sa lumelloeng. Ho thibela likou tse sa sebelisoeng le lits'ebeletso tse sa hlokahaleng ho fokotsa li-vector tsa tlhaselo, ho matlafatsa ts'ireletso ea marang-rang. Mokhoa oa ho sebetsa ka potlako o kenyelletsa ho beha leihlo le ho lekola litšebeletso tse ntseng li tsoela pele. |
| Kenya Netefatso ea 802.1X ho Tsamaiso ea VLAN | 802.1X netefatso e eketsa tšireletso e eketsehileng ka ho lumella lisebelisoa tse netefalitsoeng feela ho fihlella VLAN ea tsamaiso. Mohato ona o sireletsa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa marang-rang, ho thibela litšitiso tse ka bang teng ka lebaka la phihlello e sa lumelloeng. |
| Numella Port Security ho Tsamaiso ea VLAN | Joalo ka libaka tsa phihlello tsa maemo a holimo, lisebelisoa tse taolong ea VLAN li hloka tšireletso e thata. Ts'ireletso ea boema-kepe, e lokiselitsoeng ho lumella liaterese tsa MAC tse lumelletsoeng feela, ke mokhoa o sebetsang. Sena, se kopantsoe le mehato e meng ea ts'ireletso e kang Access Control Lists (ACLs) le li-firewall, e ntlafatsa ts'ireletso ea marang-rang ka kakaretso. |
| Tlosa CDP ho Tsamaiso ea VLAN | Le hoja Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) e thusa tsamaiso ea marang-rang, e hlahisa likotsi tsa ts'ireletso. Ho thibela CDP ho tsamaiso ea VLAN ho fokotsa likotsi tsena, ho thibela phihlello e sa lumelloeng le ho pepeseha ho ka bang teng ha tlhahisoleseling e hlokolosi ea marang-rang. |
| Lokisa ACL ho Tsamaiso ea VLAN SVI | Access Control Lists (ACLs) tsamaisong ea VLAN Switch Virtual Interface (SVI) e thibela phihlello ho basebelisi le litsamaiso tse lumelletsoeng. Ka ho hlakisa liaterese tsa IP tse lumelletsoeng le li-subnets, tloaelo ena e matlafatsa ts'ireletso ea marang-rang, e thibela phihlello e sa lumelloeng ea mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso. |
Qetellong, li-VLAN li hlahile e le tharollo e matla, e hlōlang mefokolo ea li-LAN tsa setso. Bokhoni ba bona ba ho ikamahanya le maemo a marang-rang a ntseng a tsoela pele, hammoho le melemo ea ho eketseha ha ts'ebetso, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, le ho fokotsa boiteko ba tsamaiso, ho etsa hore li-VLAN e be tsa bohlokoa haholo ho marang-rang a kajeno. Ha mekhatlo e ntse e tsoela pele ho hōla, li-VLAN li fana ka mekhoa e tsitsitseng le e sebetsang ea ho sebetsana le mathata a matla a lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang tsa mehleng ena.
Nako ea poso: Dec-14-2023
