Ho manolla Matla a Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) ho Marang-rang a Kajeno

Sebakeng se potlakileng sa marang-rang sa sejoale-joale, tsoelo-pele ea Local Area Networks (LANs) e behile tsela bakeng sa litharollo tse ncha tsa ho kopana le mathata a ntseng a eketseha a litlhoko tsa mokhatlo. Tharollo e 'ngoe e joalo e hlahelletseng ke Virtual Local Area Network, kapa VLAN. Sengoliloeng sena se shebisisa lintho tse rarahaneng tsa li-VLAN, sepheo sa tsona, melemo, mehlala ea ts'ebetsong, mekhoa e metle, le karolo ea bohlokoa eo ba e bapalang ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tse lulang li fetoha tsa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang.

I. Ho Utloisisa Li-VLAN le Sepheo sa Tsona

Li-Network Local Area Networks, kapa li-VLAN, li hlalosa bocha mohopolo oa setso oa li-LAN ka ho hlahisa lera le fumanehang le lumellang mekhatlo ho lekanya marang-rang a bona ka boholo bo eketsehileng, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, le ho rarahana. Li-VLAN ha e le hantle ke pokello ea lisebelisoa kapa li-node tsa marang-rang tse buisanang joalokaha eka ke karolo ea LAN e le 'ngoe, athe ha e le hantle, li teng karolong e le' ngoe kapa tse 'maloa tsa LAN. Likarolo tsena li arohane le tse ling tsa LAN ka marokho, li-routers, kapa li-switches, tse lumellang hore ho be le mehato e eketsehileng ea tšireletso le ho fokotsa latency ea marang-rang.

Tlhaloso ea tekheniki ea likarolo tsa VLAN e kenyelletsa ho ikarola ho LAN e pharaletseng. Karohano ena e sebetsana le litaba tse tloaelehileng tse fumanehang ho li-LAN tsa setso, joalo ka mathata a khaso le likhohlano. Li-VLAN li sebetsa joalo ka "libaka tsa likhohlano," li fokotsa sekhahla sa likhohlano le ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang. Ts'ebetso ena e ntlafalitsoeng ea li-VLAN e fetela ho ts'ireletso ea data le karohano e hlakileng, moo li-VLAN li ka hlophisoang ho ipapisitsoe le mafapha, lihlopha tsa merero, kapa molao-motheo ofe kapa ofe o hlakileng oa mokhatlo.

II. Ke Hobane'ng ha U Sebelisa VLAN

Mekhatlo e rua molemo haholo melemong ea tšebeliso ea VLAN. Li-VLAN li fana ka katleho ea litšenyehelo, kaha li-workstations ka har'a VLAN li buisana ka li-switches tsa VLAN, li fokotsa ho itšetleha ka li-routers, haholo-holo bakeng sa puisano ea ka hare ho VLAN. Sena se matlafatsa li-VLAN ho laola ka nepo meroalo e ntseng e eketseha ea data, ho fokotsa latency ea marang-rang ka kakaretso.

Ho eketseha ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a marang-rang ke lebaka le leng le tlamang la ho sebelisa VLAN. Li ka hlophisoa le ho abeloa ho latela litekanyetso tsa boema-kepe, protocol, kapa subnet, ho lumella mekhatlo ho fetola li-VLAN le ho fetola meralo ea marang-rang ha ho hlokahala. Ho feta moo, li-VLAN li fokotsa boiteko ba tsamaiso ka ho fokotsa phihlello ho lihlopha tse boletsoeng tsa basebelisi, ho etsa hore tlhophiso ea marang-rang le mehato ea ts'ireletso e atlehe haholoanyane.

III. Mehlala ea Ts'ebetsong ea VLAN

Maemong a sebele a lefats'e, likhoebo tse nang le libaka tse ngata tsa liofisi le lihlopha tse kholo li fumana melemo e mengata ho kopanngoa ha li-VLAN. Bonolo bo amanang le ho hlophisa li-VLAN bo khothaletsa ts'ebetso e se nang moeli ea merero e fapaneng le ho khothaletsa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa mafapha a fapaneng. Mohlala, lihlopha tse sebetsanang le mebaraka, thekiso, IT, le tlhahlobo ea khoebo li ka sebelisana hantle ha li abeloa VLAN e le 'ngoe, le haeba libaka tsa bona tsa 'mele li na le mekato e fapaneng kapa meaho e fapaneng. Leha ho na le litharollo tse matla tse fanoang ke li-VLAN, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko mathata a ka bang teng, joalo ka ho se lumellane ha VLAN, ho netefatsa ts'ebetsong e sebetsang ea marang-rang ana maemong a fapaneng a mokhatlo.

IV. Mekhoa e Molemo ka ho Fetisisa le Tlhokomelo

Tlhophiso e nepahetseng ea VLAN e bohlokoa ho sebelisa bokhoni ba bona bo felletseng. Ho sebelisa melemo ea likarolo tsa VLAN ho tiisa marang-rang a potlakileng le a sireletsehileng haholoanyane, ho sebetsana le tlhokahalo ea ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tse tsoelang pele tsa marang-rang. Bafani ba Litšebeletso ba Laolehileng (MSPs) ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsamaiseng VLAN, ho hlokomela kabo ea lisebelisoa, le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea marang-rang.

10 Mekhoa e Molemo ka ho Fetisisa

Tlhaloso

Sebelisa li-VLAN ho arola sephethephethe Ka ho sa feleng, lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang li buisana ka bolokolohi, li beha kotsi ea ts'ireletso. Li-VLAN li sebetsana le sena ka ho arola sephethephethe, ho thibela puisano ho lisebelisoa ka har'a VLAN e tšoanang.
Etsa VLAN e arohaneng ea Tsamaiso Ho theha tsamaiso e inehetseng ea VLAN e ntlafatsa ts'ireletso ea marang-rang. Ho itšehla thajana ho netefatsa hore litaba tse ka har'a VLAN ea tsamaiso ha li ame marang-rang a pharaletseng.
Fana ka liaterese tsa IP tse tsitsitseng bakeng sa Tsamaiso ea VLAN Liaterese tsa IP tse tsitsitseng li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsebahatseng lisebelisoa le taolong ea marang-rang. Ho qoba DHCP bakeng sa tsamaiso VLAN etsa bonnete ba aterese e tsitsitseng, ho nolofatsa tsamaiso ea marangrang. Tšebeliso ea li-subnet tse ikhethileng bakeng sa VLAN e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ntlafatsa ho itšehla thajana, ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho fihlella ntle le tumello.
Sebelisa Sebaka sa Aterese sa IP ea poraefete bakeng sa Tsamaiso ea VLAN Ho matlafatsa ts'ireletso, tsamaiso ea VLAN e rua molemo ho tloha sebakeng se ikemetseng sa aterese ea IP, ho thibela bahlaseli. Ho sebelisa li-VLAN tse arohaneng tsa tsamaiso bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa ho netefatsa mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng le o hlophisitsoeng oa tsamaiso ea marang-rang.
Se ke oa Sebelisa DHCP ho Management VLAN Ho tlosa DHCP ho VLAN ea tsamaiso ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ireletso. Ho itšetleha feela ka liaterese tsa IP tse tsitsitseng ho thibela phihlello e sa lumelloeng, ho etsa hore ho be thata ho bahlaseli ho kenella marang-rang.
Sireletsa likou tse sa sebelisoeng 'me u tima Litšebeletso tse sa hlokahaleng Likou tse sa sebelisoeng li hlahisa kotsi e ka bang teng ea ts'ireletso, e memelang phihlello e sa lumelloeng. Ho thibela likou tse sa sebelisoeng le lits'ebeletso tse sa hlokahaleng ho fokotsa li-vector tsa tlhaselo, ho matlafatsa ts'ireletso ea marang-rang. Mokhoa o sebetsang o kenyelletsa ho beha leihlo le ho lekola lits'ebeletso tse ntseng li tsoela pele.
Kenya Netefatso ea 802.1X ho Tsamaiso ea VLAN 802.1X netefatso e eketsa tšireletso e eketsehileng ka ho lumella lisebelisoa tse netefalitsoeng feela ho fihlella VLAN ea tsamaiso. Mohato ona o sireletsa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa marang-rang, ho thibela litšitiso tse ka bang teng ka lebaka la phihlello e sa lumelloeng.
Numella Port Security ho Tsamaiso ea VLAN Joalo ka libaka tsa phihlello tse maemong a holimo, lisebelisoa tse taolong ea VLAN li hloka tšireletso e thata. Ts'ireletso ea boema-kepe, e lokiselitsoeng ho lumella liaterese tsa MAC tse lumelletsoeng feela, ke mokhoa o sebetsang. Sena, se kopantsoe le mehato e meng ea ts'ireletso e kang Access Control Lists (ACLs) le li-firewall, e ntlafatsa ts'ireletso ea marang-rang ka kakaretso.
Tlosa CDP ho Tsamaiso ea VLAN Le hoja Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) e thusa tsamaiso ea marang-rang, e hlahisa likotsi tsa ts'ireletso. Ho thibela CDP ho tsamaiso ea VLAN ho fokotsa likotsi tsena, ho thibela phihlello e sa lumelloeng le ho pepeseha ho ka bang teng ha tlhahisoleseling e hlokolosi ea marang-rang.
Lokisa ACL ho Tsamaiso ea VLAN SVI Access Control Lists (ACLs) tsamaisong ea VLAN Switch Virtual Interface (SVI) e thibela phihlello ho basebelisi le litsamaiso tse lumelletsoeng. Ka ho hlakisa liaterese tsa IP tse lumelletsoeng le li-subnets, tloaelo ena e matlafatsa ts'ireletso ea marang-rang, e thibela phihlello e sa lumelloeng ea mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso.

Qetellong, li-VLAN li hlahile e le tharollo e matla, e hlōlang mefokolo ea li-LAN tsa setso. Bokhoni ba bona ba ho ikamahanya le maemo a marang-rang a ntseng a tsoela pele, hammoho le melemo ea ho eketseha ha ts'ebetso, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, le ho fokotsa boiteko ba tsamaiso, ho etsa hore li-VLAN e be tsa bohlokoa haholo ho marang-rang a kajeno. Ha mekhatlo e ntse e tsoela pele ho hōla, li-VLAN li fana ka mekhoa e tsitsitseng le e sebetsang ea ho sebetsana le mathata a matla a lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang tsa mehleng ena.


Nako ea poso: Dec-14-2023